What Is Bromine?

Bromine, the thirty-fifth element on the periodic table, is a reddish-brown liquid halogen. It's highly reactive and one of only two elements liquid at room temperature.

Atomic Number: 35

Symbol: Br

Atomic Mass: 79.904 u

Category: Halogen

State at Room Temperature: Liquid

Discovered By: Antoine Jérôme Balard (1826)

⚛️ Atomic Structure of Bromine

Bromine has thirty-five protons, forty-five neutrons (in its most common isotope, Bromine-79), and thirty-five electrons, with seven in its outer shell.

  • 🟢 Protons: 35
  • 🔴 Neutrons: 45 (Most common isotope, Bromine-79)
  • 🟡 Electrons: 35

💡 Did you know? Bromine-81, another stable isotope, makes up nearly half of natural bromine!

🔬 Bromine Properties

Bromine is volatile, corrosive, and has a strong, unpleasant odor. It boils at 58.8°C (137.8°F) and is denser than water, sinking in liquid form.

🧪 How Was Bromine Discovered?

In 1826, French chemist Antoine Jérôme Balard isolated Bromine from seaweed ash, beating out German chemist Carl Löwig, who discovered it independently.

⚡ Uses of Bromine

  • 🔥 Flame Retardants: In fabrics and electronics.
  • 💊 Medicine: Historically in sedatives (now rare).
  • 🏭 Industry: Water purification and pesticides.
  • 📸 Photography: Silver bromide in film.

💡 Fun Facts About Bromine

  • 🌊 Abundant in seawater and brine wells.
  • 💧 One of two liquid elements (with mercury).
  • 📜 Named from Greek "bromos," meaning "stench".
  • 🩺 Once used in bromide salts for sleep aids.

⚠️ Safety & Precautions

Bromine is toxic and corrosive, causing severe burns and respiratory issues. Handle only with gloves, goggles, and ventilation; avoid inhalation or contact.

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