What is Thorium?

Thorium, the ninetieth element on the periodic table, is a mildly radioactive actinide with big potential in nuclear energy and a nod to Norse mythology.

Atomic Number: 90

Symbol: Th

Atomic Mass: [232] u (most stable isotope)

Category: Actinide

State at Room Temperature: Solid

Discovered By: Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1828)

⚛️ Atomic Structure of Thorium

Thorium has ninety protons, one hundred forty-two neutrons (in its most stable isotope, Thorium-232), and ninety electrons, with two in its outer shell.

  • 🟢 Protons: 90
  • 🔴 Neutrons: 142 (Most stable isotope, Thorium-232)
  • 🟡 Electrons: 90

💡 Did you know? Thorium is named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder!

🔬 Thorium Properties

Thorium is silvery, radioactive, and dense. It has a high melting point (1750°C / 3182°F) and is weakly radioactive compared to uranium.

🧪 How Was Thorium Discovered?

In 1828, Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius identified Thorium in a mineral sample from Norway, naming it after the Norse god.

⚡ Uses of Thorium

  • ⚡ Energy: Potential fuel for nuclear reactors.
  • 💡 Lighting: Thorium dioxide in gas mantles.
  • 🔬 Research: Studying actinides.

💡 Fun Facts About Thorium

  • 🏞️ More abundant than uranium.
  • ⏳ Half-life of 14 billion years.
  • ⚖️ Denser than steel.
  • 🌍 Found in monazite sand.

⚠️ Safety & Precautions

Thorium is mildly radioactive and poses a low risk unless inhaled as dust. Handle with care and proper ventilation.

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