What is Rutherfordium?

Rutherfordium, the one hundred-fourth element on the periodic table, is a synthetic, radioactive transition metal marking the start of the d-block superheavy elements.

Atomic Number: 104

Symbol: Rf

Atomic Mass: [267] u (most stable isotope)

Category: Transition Metal

State at Room Temperature: Solid

Discovered By: Albert Ghiorso et al. (1969) / Georgy Flerov et al. (1964)

⚛️ Atomic Structure of Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium has one hundred four protons, one hundred sixty-three neutrons (in its most stable isotope, Rutherfordium-267), and one hundred four electrons, with four in its outer shell.

  • 🟢 Protons: 104
  • 🔴 Neutrons: 163 (Most stable isotope, Rutherfordium-267)
  • 🟡 Electrons: 104

💡 Did you know? Rutherfordium's discovery sparked a naming dispute between U.S. and Soviet scientists!

🔬 Rutherfordium Properties

Rutherfordium is radioactive, likely silvery, and dense. Its melting point is estimated at 2100°C (3800°F), and it emits alpha radiation.

🧪 How Was Rutherfordium Discovered?

Contested between two teams: Soviet scientists Georgy Flerov et al. in 1964 bombarded plutonium with neon ions, while Albert Ghiorso et al. in 1969 bombarded californium with carbon ions at Berkeley.

⚡ Uses of Rutherfordium

  • 🔬 Research: Studying superheavy element properties.
  • ⚡ Synthesis: Precursor to even heavier elements.

💡 Fun Facts About Rutherfordium

  • 👨‍🔬 Named after Ernest Rutherford.
  • ⏳ Half-life of 1.3 hours.
  • 🌍 Discovery disputed.
  • 🏭 Fully synthetic.

⚠️ Safety & Precautions

Rutherfordium is radioactive and a radiation hazard. It's only produced in trace amounts in controlled labs.

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